Li-optocouplers, tse hokahanyang li-circuits li sebelisa mats'oao a optical joalo ka bohareng, ke ntho e sebetsang libakeng tseo ho nepahala ho phahameng ho hlokahalang, joalo ka li-acoustics, meriana le indasteri, ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha tsona ho phahameng le ho ts'epahala, joalo ka ho tšoarella le ho kenya letsoho.
Empa optocoupler e sebetsa neng le tlas'a maemo afe, 'me molao-motheo oa eona ke ofe?Kapa ha u hlile u sebelisa photocoupler mosebetsing oa hau oa elektronike, u ka 'na ua se tsebe ho e khetha le ho e sebelisa.Hobane hangata optocoupler e ferekanngoa le "phototransistor" le "photodiode".Ka hona, photocoupler ke eng e tla hlahisoa sehloohong sena.
Photocoupler ke eng?
Optocoupler ke karolo ea elektronike eo etymology ea eona e leng optical
coupler, e bolelang “ho kopana le leseli.”Ka linako tse ling e boetse e tsejoa e le optocoupler, optical isolator, optical insulation, joalo-joalo E na le leseli le ntšang leseli le leseli le amohelang ntho, 'me le hokahanya seketsoana sa mahlakoreng a kenyelletso le potoloho ea lehlakoreng le hlahisoang ka pontšo ea optical.Ha ho na khokahanyo ea motlakase pakeng tsa lipotoloho tsena, ka mantsoe a mang, boemong ba ho pata.Ka hona, kamano ea potoloho pakeng tsa ho kenya letsoho le tlhahiso e arohane 'me ho fetisoa feela pontšo.Hokela li-circuits ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng tse nang le maemo a fapaneng haholo a ho kenya le a tsoang, a nang le insulation e phahameng ea motlakase lipakeng tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa.
Ho phaella moo, ka ho fetisa kapa ho thibela pontšo ena ea leseli, e sebetsa e le phetoho.Molao-motheo o qaqileng le mochine o tla hlalosoa hamorao, empa karolo e khanyang ea photocoupler ke LED (light emitting diode).
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960 ho isa lilemong tsa bo-1970, ha li-leds li ne li qaptjoa 'me tsoelo-pele ea bona ea theknoloji e le ea bohlokoa,lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronice ile ea e-ba matla.Ka nako eo, tse fapa-fapanenglisebelisoa tsa opticalli ile tsa qaptjoa, 'me "photoelectric coupler" e ne e le e' ngoe ea tsona.Kamora moo, li-optoelectronics li ile tsa kenella ka potlako bophelong ba rona.
① Molao-motheo/mokhoa
Molao-motheo oa optocoupler ke hore ntho e ntšang khanya e fetola letšoao la motlakase le kenyang leseli, 'me ntho e amohelang leseli e fetisetsa pontšo ea motlakase ea morao ho potoloho ea lehlakoreng le hlahang.Leseli le ntšang leseli le le amohelang leseli li ka har'a boloko ba leseli la kantle, 'me tse peli li shebane molemong oa ho fetisa leseli.
Semiconductor e sebelisoang linthong tse hlahisang leseli ke LED (light-emitting diode).Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-semiconductors tse sebelisoang lisebelisoa tse amohelang leseli, ho itšetlehile ka tikoloho ea tšebeliso, boholo ba ka ntle, theko, joalo-joalo, empa ka kakaretso, e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke phototransistor.
Ha e sa sebetse, li-phototransistor li na le chelete e fokolang eo li-semiconductors tse tloaelehileng li e etsang.Ha ketsahalo ea leseli moo, phototransistor e hlahisa matla a photoelectromotive holim'a semiconductor ea mofuta oa P le mofuta oa N-mofuta oa semiconductor, masoba a N-mofuta oa semiconductor a phalla sebakeng sa p, semiconductor ea mahala ea elektronike sebakeng sa p e phalla. sebakeng sa n, 'me metsi a tla phalla.
Li-Phototransistors ha li arabele joalo ka li-photodiode, empa li boetse li na le phello ea ho matlafatsa tlhahiso ho makhetlo a makholo ho isa ho 1,000 ka lets'oao la ho kenya (ka lebaka la sebaka sa motlakase sa kahare).Ka hona, li na le kutloelo-bohloko hoo li ka nkang matšoao a fokolang, e leng molemo.
Ha e le hantle, "leseli le thibelang leseli" leo re le bonang ke sesebelisoa sa elektronike se nang le molao-motheo le mochine o tšoanang.
Leha ho le joalo, hangata litšitiso tsa khanya li sebelisoa e le lisensara ’me li phetha karolo ea tsona ka ho fetisa ntho e thibelang khanya pakeng tsa ntho e ntšang khanya le ntho e amohelang khanya.Ka mohlala, e ka sebelisoa ho bona lichelete tsa tšepe le li-banknotes mechineng ea thekiso le li-ATM.
② Likarolo
Kaha optocoupler e fetisetsa lipontšo ka leseli, ho kenya letsoho pakeng tsa lehlakore la ho kenya letsoho le lehlakoreng la tlhahiso ke karolo e kholo.Insulation e phahameng ha e amehe habonolo ke lerata, empa hape e thibela phallo ea hona joale ka phoso lipakeng tsa lipotoloho tse haufi, tse sebetsang haholo mabapi le polokeho.'Me mohaho ka boeona o batla o le bonolo ebile o utloahala.
Ka lebaka la nalane ea eona e telele, lethathamo la lihlahisoa tse ruileng tsa bahlahisi ba fapaneng le tsona ke monyetla o ikhethang oa li-optocouplers.Hobane ha ho na kamano ea 'mele, ho apara pakeng tsa likarolo ho nyenyane,' me bophelo bo bolelele.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho boetse ho na le litšoaneleho tseo ho leng bonolo ho li fetola bokhoni bo khanyang, hobane LED e tla senyeha butle-butle ha nako le liphetoho tsa mocheso li ntse li feta.
Haholo-holo ha karolo e ka hare ea polasetiki e bonaletsang ka nako e telele, e fetoha maru, e ke ke ea e-ba leseli le letle haholo.Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe boemo leha e le bofe, bophelo bo bolelele haholo ha bo bapisoa le ho kopana le ho kopana ha mochine.
Li-phototransistors hangata li lieha ho feta li-photodiode, kahoo ha li sebelisoe bakeng sa puisano e potlakileng.Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se phoso, kaha likarolo tse ling li na le li-circuits tsa amplification ka lehlakoreng la tlhahiso ho eketsa lebelo.Ebile, ha se lipotoloho tsohle tsa elektroniki tse hlokang ho eketsa lebelo.
③ Tšebeliso
Photoelectric couplershaholo-holo e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho switjha tshebetso.Potoloho e tla matlafatsoa ka ho bulela switjha, empa ho ea ka pono ea litšoaneleho tse ka holimo, haholo-holo ho kenya letsoho le bophelo bo bolelele, e loketse hantle ho maemo a hlokang ho tšepahala ho phahameng.Mohlala, lerata ke sera sa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tsa elektroniki le lisebelisoa tsa molumo / lisebelisoa tsa puisano.
E boetse e sebelisoa ho litsamaiso tsa likoloi.Lebaka la motlakase ke hore lebelo le laoloa ke inverter ha e tsamaisoa, empa e hlahisa lerata ka lebaka la tlhahiso e phahameng.Lerata lena le ke ke la etsa hore enjene ka boeona e hlōlehe, empa hape e phalle ka "fatše" e amang liphahlo.Haholo-holo, lisebelisoa tse nang le lithapo tse telele li bonolo ho nka lerata lena le phahameng, kahoo haeba le etsahala fekthering, le tla baka tahlehelo e kholo 'me ka linako tse ling le baka likotsi tse tebileng.Ka ho sebelisa li-optocouplers tse sirelelitsoeng haholo bakeng sa ho chencha, tšusumetso ho lipotoloho tse ling le lisebelisoa li ka fokotsoa.
Ea bobeli, mokhoa oa ho khetha le ho sebelisa li-optocouplers
U ka sebelisa optocoupler e nepahetseng joang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea moralo oa sehlahisoa?Baenjineri ba latelang ba nts'etsopele ea microcontroller ba tla hlalosa mokhoa oa ho khetha le ho sebelisa li-optocouplers.
① Bula kamehla 'me u koalehe kamehla
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-photocouplers: mofuta oo switch e tingoang (e tima) ha ho se na motlakase o kentsoeng, mofuta oo switch e buloang (e tima) ha motlakase o sebelisoa, le mofuta oo switch e timang ho ona. e buloa ha ho se na voltage.Etsa kopo 'me u time ha motlakase o sebelisoa.
Ea pele e bitsoa ka tloaelo e butsoe, 'me ea morao-rao e bitsoa ka tloaelo e koetsoe.Tsela ea ho khetha, pele ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa potoloho eo ue hlokang.
② Lekola motlakase o tsoang hona joale le o sebelisitsoeng
Li-photocouplers li na le thepa ea ho holisa lets'oao, empa ha se kamehla li fetang ka motlakase le hona joale ka thato.Ha e le hantle, e lekantsoe, empa motlakase o lokela ho sebelisoa ho tloha lehlakoreng la ho kenya letsoho ho latela tlhahiso e lakatsehang ea hona joale.
Haeba re sheba leqephe la lintlha tsa sehlahisoa, re ka bona chate moo axis e otlolohileng e leng tlhahiso ea hona joale (mokelli oa hona joale) le axis e otlolohileng ke motlakase oa ho kenya (mokelli-emitter voltage).Mokelli oa hona joale o fapana ho ea ka matla a khanya ea LED, kahoo sebelisa motlakase ho latela tlhahiso e lakatsehang ea hona joale.
Leha ho le joalo, u ka nahana hore tlhahiso ea hona joale e baloang mona e nyane ka mokhoa o makatsang.Ena ke boleng ba hajoale bo ntseng bo ka hlahisoa ka ts'epo ka mor'a ho ela hloko ho senyeha ha LED ha nako e ntse e ea, kahoo e ka tlase ho tekanyo e phahameng.
Ho fapana le hoo, ho na le maemo moo tlhahiso ea hona joale e seng kholo.Ka hona, ha u khetha optocoupler, etsa bonnete ba hore u hlahloba ka hloko "output current" 'me u khethe sehlahisoa se lumellanang le sona.
③ Boholo ba hona joale
Boemo bo phahameng ba ho khanna hona joale ke boholo ba boleng ba hona joale boo optocoupler e ka e mamellang ha e tsamaisa.Hape, re hloka ho etsa bonnete ba hore rea tseba hore na morero o hloka bokae le hore na motlakase oa motlakase ke ofe pele re reka.Etsa bonnete ba hore boleng bo phahameng le bo sebelisoang hona joale ha se meeli, empa ho na le moeli o itseng.
④ Beha fotocoupler ka nepo
Ha re se re khethile optocoupler e nepahetseng, a re e sebeliseng morerong oa 'nete.Ho kenya ka bohona ho bonolo, feela hokela li-terminals tse hokahaneng le potoloho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mahlakoreng a kenyelletso le potoloho ea lehlakore la tlhahiso.Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomelo e lokela ho nkoa hore e se ke ea senya lehlakore la ho kenya letsoho le lehlakoreng la tlhahiso.Ka hona, o tlameha ho hlahloba le matšoao a tafoleng ea data, e le hore u se ke ua fumana hore leoto la photoelectric coupler le fosahetse ka mor'a ho hula boto ea PCB.
Nako ea poso: Jul-29-2023