Thin film lithium niobate (LN) photodetector

Thin film lithium niobate (LN) photodetector

Lithium niobate (LN) e na le sebopeho se ikhethileng sa kristale le litlamorao tse ngata tsa 'mele, joalo ka litlamorao tse sa tloaelehang, litlamorao tsa electro-optic, litlamorao tsa pyroelectric le litlamorao tsa piezoelectric. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e na le melemo ea fensetere ea ho pepeseha ha wideband optical le botsitso ba nako e telele. Litšobotsi tsena li etsa LN sethala sa bohlokoa bakeng sa moloko o mocha oa li-photonics tse kopantsoeng. Lisebelisoa tsa optical le litsamaiso tsa optoelectronic, litšoaneleho tsa LN li ka fana ka mesebetsi e mengata le ts'ebetso, ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea puisano ea optical, optical computing le optical sensing fields. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la thepa e fokolang ea lithium niobate ea ho monya le ho pata, tšebeliso e kopantsoeng ea lithium niobate e ntse e tobana le bothata ba ho lemoha ka thata. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, litlaleho tsa lefapha lena li kenyelletsa li-photodetectors tse kopantsoeng tsa waveguide le li-photodetectors tsa heterojunction.
The waveguide integrated photodetector e thehiloeng ho lithium niobate hangata e lebisitsoe ho optical communication C-band (1525-1565nm). Mabapi le ts'ebetso, LN haholo-holo e bapala karolo ea maqhubu a tataisoang, athe ts'ebetso ea ho lemoha ha optoelectronic e itšetlehile haholo ka li-semiconductors tse kang silicon, li-semiconductors tsa sehlopha sa III-V tse tšesaane, le lisebelisoa tsa mahlakore a mabeli. Mohahong o joalo, leseli le fetisoa ka lithium niobate optical waveguides ka tahlehelo e tlase, ebe e kenngoa ke lisebelisoa tse ling tsa semiconductor tse thehiloeng ho liphello tsa photoelectric (tse kang photoconductivity kapa photovoltaic effects) ho eketsa khatello ea mochine le ho e fetola lipontšo tsa motlakase bakeng sa tlhahiso. Melemo ke bandwidth e phahameng ea ts'ebetso (~GHz), motlakase o tlase oa ts'ebetso, boholo bo nyane, le ho tsamaellana le kopanyo ea photonic chip. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la karohano ea sebaka sa lisebelisoa tsa lithium niobate le semiconductor, le hoja e mong le e mong a etsa mesebetsi ea hae, LN e phetha karolo feela ea ho tataisa maqhubu le thepa e meng e babatsehang ea linaheng tse ling ha e e-s'o sebelisoe hantle. Lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor li phetha karolo feela phetohong ea photoelectric le ho haelloa ke ho kopanya ho hong, ho fella ka hore ho be le sehlopha se fokolang sa ts'ebetso. Mabapi le ts'ebetsong e tobileng, ho kopana ha leseli ho tloha mohloling o khanyang ho ea ho lithium niobate optical waveguide ho fella ka tahlehelo e kholo le litlhoko tse thata tsa ts'ebetso. Ho phaella moo, matla a sebele a optical a khanya a khantšitsoeng mochine oa mochine oa semiconductor sebakeng sa ho kopanya ho thata ho lekanya, e leng se fokotsang ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho lemoha.
Ea setsoli-photodetectorse sebelisoang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho nka litšoantšo hangata e ipapisitse le lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor. Ka hona, bakeng sa lithium niobate, sekhahla sa eona sa ho monya leseli le tlase le thepa ea ho itšireletsa e etsa hore ntle ho pelaelo e se ratoe ke bafuputsi ba photodetector, esita le ntlha e thata tšimong. Leha ho le joalo, nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea heterojunction lilemong tsa morao tjena e tlisitse tšepo ho lipatlisiso tsa lithium niobate based photodetectors. Lisebelisoa tse ling tse nang le khanya e matla ea leseli kapa conductivity e babatsehang li ka kopanngoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng le lithium niobate ho lefella mefokolo ea eona. Ka nako e ts'oanang, polarization e ikemetseng e ile ea etsa hore litšoaneleho tsa pyroelectric tsa lithium niobate ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona sa anisotropy li ka laoloa ka ho fetolela mocheso tlas'a mahlaseli a khanyang, kahoo ho fetola litšobotsi tsa pyroelectric bakeng sa ho lemoha optoelectronic. Phello ena ea mocheso e na le melemo ea ho khanna ka bongata le ho khanna, 'me e ka tlatsetsoa hantle le ho kopanngoa le lisebelisoa tse ling. Tšebeliso e lumellanang ea liphello tsa mocheso le photoelectric e butse nako e ncha bakeng sa li-photodetectors tsa lithium niobate, tse nolofalletsang lisebelisoa ho kopanya melemo ea liphello tse peli. Le ho lokisa mefokolo le ho fihlela kopanyo e tlatselletsang ea melemo, Ke sebaka sa lipatlisiso lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso ea ho kenngoa ha ion, boenjiniere ba lihlopha, le boenjiniere ba bokooa hape ke khetho e ntle ea ho rarolla bothata ba ho lemoha lithium niobate. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la bothata bo phahameng ba ho sebetsa ha lithium niobate, tšimo ena e ntse e tobane le mathata a maholo a kang ho kopanya ho fokolang, lisebelisoa tsa litšoantšo le mekhoa e mengata, le ts'ebetso e sa lekaneng, e nang le bohlokoa bo boholo ba lipatlisiso le sebaka.

Setšoantšo sa 1, ho sebelisa matla a nang le bokooa ka har'a LN bandgap e le litsi tsa bafani ba elektronike, lijari tsa mahala tsa mahala li hlahisoa ka har'a sehlopha sa conduction tlas'a khanya e bonahalang ea khanya. Ha ho bapisoa le li-photodetectors tsa pele tsa pyroelectric LN, tseo hangata li neng li lekanyelitsoe ho lebelo la karabelo la hoo e ka bang 100Hz, sena.LN photodetectore na le lebelo le potlakileng la ho arabela ho fihla ho 10kHz. Ho sa le joalo, mosebetsing ona, ho ile ha bontšoa hore magnesium ion doped LN e ka finyella ho feto-fetoha ha leseli la kantle ka karabelo e fihlang ho 10kHz. Mosebetsi ona o khothalletsa lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso e phahameng leli-photodetectors tsa lebelo le phahameng la LNkahong ea li-single-chip tse kopantsoeng ka botlalo tsa LN photonic chips.
Ka kakaretso, lefapha la lipatlisiso lafilimi e tšesaane ea lithium niobate photodetectorse na le bohlokoa ba saense le bokhoni bo boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso. Nakong e tlang, ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji le ho teba ha lipatlisiso, li-photodetectors tse tšesaane tsa lithium niobate (LN) li tla tsoela pele ho lebisa ho kopanngoa ho phahameng. Ho kopanya mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya ho finyella ts'ebetso e phahameng, karabelo e potlakileng, le li-wideband tse tšesaane tsa lithium niobate photodetectors likarolong tsohle e tla ba ntho ea sebele, e leng ho tla khothalletsa haholo nts'etsopele ea ho kopanya li-chip le masimo a bohlale, le ho fana ka menyetla e mengata bakeng sa moloko o mocha oa likopo tsa photonics.