Theknoloji ea mohloli oa laser bakeng safiber ea opticalho utloa Karolo ea Pele
Theknoloji ea optical fiber sensing ke mofuta oa theknoloji ea ho lemoha e ntlafalitsoeng hammoho le theknoloji ea optical fiber le theknoloji ea puisano ea fiber, 'me e fetohile e' ngoe ea makala a sebetsang ka ho fetisisa a theknoloji ea photoelectric. Sistimi ea kutlo ea fiber e bonoa haholo-holo e entsoe ka laser, fiber transmission, sensing element kapa modulation area, ho bona leseli le likarolo tse ling. Mekhahlelo e hlalosang litšoaneleho tsa leqhubu la leseli li kenyelletsa matla, bolelele ba maqhubu, mohato, boemo ba polarization, joalo-joalo Mekhahlelo ena e ka fetoloa ke tšusumetso e ka ntle ho optical fiber transmission. Ka mohlala, ha mocheso, khatello, khatello, hona joale, ho falla, ho sisinyeha, ho potoloha, ho khumama le bongata ba lik'hemik'hale li ama tsela ea optical, litekanyetso tsena li fetoha ka tsela e tšoanang. Optical fiber sensing e ipapisitse le kamano lipakeng tsa liparamente tsena le lintlha tse kantle ho lemoha bongata ba 'mele bo tsamaellanang.
Ho na le mefuta e mengata eamohloli oa lasere sebelisoang litsamaisong tsa ho utloa ha fiber ea optical, e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: e lumellanangmehloli ea laserle mehloli ea leseli e sa tsitsang, e sa kopanemehloli e khanyanghaholo-holo e kenyelletsa mabone a incandescent le li-diode tse ntšang khanya, 'me mehloli ea leseli e momahaneng e kenyelletsa li-laser tse tiileng, lilase tsa metsi, lilase tsa khase,laser ea semiconductorlelaser ea fiber. E latelang ke haholo-holo bakeng samohloli oa leseli la lasere sebelisoang haholo lefapheng la ho lemoha ha fiber lilemong tsa morao tjena: bophara ba mohala o moqotetsane oa laser e le 'ngoe, laser e le 'ngoe ea maqhubu a maqhubu a laser le laser e tšoeu.
1.1 Litlhoko tsa mola o moqotetsanemehloli ea leseli la laser
Sistimi ea optical fiber sensing e ke ke ea aroloa ho tsoa mohloling oa laser, joalo ka ha leqhubu le lekantsoeng la carrier carrier, laser light source ka boeona le ts'ebetso, joalo ka matla a botsitso, laser linewidth, lerata la phase le liparamente tse ling ho optical fiber sensing system hole sebaka, ho lemoha. nepahalo, kutlo le libopeho tsa lerata li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka nts'etsopele ea lits'ebetso tsa nako e telele tsa "ultra-high resolution optical fiber sensing system", barutehi le indasteri li hlahisitse litlhoko tse thata bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea laser miniaturization, haholoholo ho: theknoloji ea optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) e sebelisa mokhoa o lumellanang. thekenoloji ea ho lemoha ho hlahloba matšoao a backrayleigh a hasaneng a optical fibers sebakeng sa maqhubu, ka tšireletso e pharaletseng (limithara tse likete). Melemo ea qeto e phahameng (tharollo ea boemo ba millimeter) le kutlo e phahameng (ho fihla ho -100 dBm) e fetohile e 'ngoe ea mahlale a nang le tebello e pharalletseng ea ts'ebeliso ea tekanyo ea fiber ea optical le theknoloji ea kutlo. Moko-taba oa theknoloji ea OFDR ke ho sebelisa mohloli oa lebone o ka fetolehang ho fihlela tokiso ea maqhubu a mahlo, ka hona ts'ebetso ea mohloli oa laser e supa lintlha tsa bohlokoa joalo ka mofuta oa tlhahlobo ea OFDR, kutlo le tharollo. Ha sebaka sa ho bonahatsa sebaka se haufi le bolelele ba ho lumellana, matla a lets'oao la ho otla a tla fokotsoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ke coefficient τ / τc. Bakeng sa mohloli o khanyang oa Gaussia o nang le sebopeho sa spectral, e le ho etsa bonnete ba hore lebelo la ho otla le na le ponahalo e fetang 90%, kamano pakeng tsa bophara ba mohala oa mohloli oa leseli le bolelele bo boholo ba ho lemoha boo tsamaiso e ka bo finyellang ke Lmax ~ 0.04vg /f, e bolelang hore bakeng sa fiber e bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 80, bophara ba mohala oa mohloli oa leseli bo ka tlaase ho 100 Hz. Ho feta moo, nts'etsopele ea lits'ebetso tse ling e boetse e fana ka litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa bophara ba mohala oa mohloli oa leseli. Ka mohlala, tsamaisong ea optical fiber hydrophone, bophara ba moeli oa mohloli oa leseli bo lekanyetsa lerata la tsamaiso hape bo lekanyetsa lets'oao le ka lekanngoang la tsamaiso. Ho Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), tekanyo ea qeto ea mocheso le khatello ea maikutlo e khethoa haholo ke bophara ba mohloli oa leseli. Ka resonator fiber optic gyro, bolelele ba ho lumellana ha leqhubu la leseli bo ka eketsoa ka ho fokotsa bophara ba mohala oa mohloli oa leseli, ka hona ho ntlafatsa botle le botebo ba resonance, ho fokotsa bophara ba mohala oa resonator, le ho netefatsa tekanyo. ho nepahala ha fiber optic gyro.
1.2 Litlhokahalo tsa mehloli ea laser ea fiela
Single wavelength sweep laser e na le ts'ebetso e feto-fetohang ea wavelength, e ka nkela li-lasers tse ngata tse tsitsitseng tsa wavelength, ea fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa kaho ea sistimi, ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea sistimi ea optical fiber sensing. Mohlala, ho sensing fiber ea trace gas, mefuta e fapaneng ea likhase e na le litlhoro tse fapaneng tsa ho monya khase. E le ho etsa bonnete ba hore khanya ea khanya e sebetsa hantle ha khase ea tekanyo e lekaneng 'me e finyella kutloisiso e phahameng ea tekanyo, hoa hlokahala ho hokahanya bolelele ba maqhubu a mohloli oa leseli la phetiso le tlhōrō ea ho monya ha molek'hule ea khase. Mofuta oa khase o ka bonoang o khethoa haholo ke bolelele ba maqhubu a mohloli oa leseli o utloang. Ka hona, li-lasers tsa mola o mosesaane tse nang le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea tuning ea Broadband li na le tekano e phahameng ea tekanyo lits'ebetsong tse joalo tsa ho utloa. Mohlala, lits'ebetsong tse ling tse phatlalalitsoeng tsa optical fiber sensing tse ipapisitseng le optical frequency domain reflection, laser e hloka ho hoholoa ka potlako nako le nako ho fihlela tlhahlobo e nepahetseng e holimo le ho theola mats'oao a optical, kahoo sekhahla sa ho feto-fetoha ha mohloli oa laser se na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo. , 'me lebelo la ho fiela la laser e fetolehang hangata le hlokahala ho fihla ho 10 pm/μs. Ntle le moo, laser ea wavelength tunable narrow linewidth laser e ka sebelisoa haholo ho liDAR, laser remote sensing le high-resolution spectral analysis le likarolo tse ling tsa kutlo. E le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso ea tuning bandwidth, ho nepahala ha tokiso le lebelo la tokiso ea laser-wavelength e le 'ngoe tšimong ea ho lemoha fiber, sepheo se akaretsang sa ho ithuta li-laser tsa fiber tse tšesaane lilemong tsa morao tjena ke ho fihlela maemo a holimo. tokiso e nepahetseng ka har'a leqhubu le leholoanyane la wavelength motheong oa ho lelekisa ultra-narrow laser linewidth, lerata le tlase haholo, le maqhubu le matla a phahameng a tsitsitseng.
1.3 Tlhokahalo ea mohloli oa lebone la laser e tšoeu
Lefapheng la optical sensing, laser e khanyang ea boleng bo holimo e bohlokoa haholo ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi. Ha khanya ea laser e khanyang e pharalletseng, ts'ebeliso ea eona e batsi ho sistimi ea optical fiber sensing. Mohlala, ha o sebelisa fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ho aha marang-rang a sensor, tlhahlobo ea spectral kapa mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho tsamaisa filthara o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho theola batho. Ea pele e ne e sebelisa spectrometer ho lekola ka kotloloho bolelele bo bong le bo bong ba FBG marang-rang. Ea morao-rao e sebelisa filthara ea litšupiso ho latela le ho lekanya FBG ka kutlo, tseo ka bobeli li hlokang mohloli oa lebone la Broadband joalo ka mohloli oa lebone oa tlhahlobo bakeng sa FBG. Hobane marang-rang a mang le a mang a FBG a tla ba le tahlehelo e itseng ea ho kenya, 'me e na le bandwidth e fetang 0.1 nm, ho fokotseha ha nako e le' ngoe ea FBG e mengata ho hloka mohloli o khanyang oa leseli o nang le matla a phahameng le bandwidth e phahameng. Ka mohlala, ha u sebelisa nako e telele ea fiber grating (LPFG) bakeng sa ho utloa, kaha bandwidth ea tlhōrō ea tahlehelo e le 'ngoe e ka tatellano ea 10 nm, mohloli o pharaletseng oa leseli o nang le bandwidth e lekaneng le mabala a bataletseng a hlokahalang ho khetholla ka mokhoa o nepahetseng resonant ea eona. litšoaneleho tsa tlhoro. Haholo-holo, acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) e hahiloeng ka ho sebelisa acousto-optical effect e ka finyella mefuta e fapaneng ea tokiso ea wavelength ea resonant ho fihla ho 1000 nm ka ho lokisa motlakase. Ka hona, tlhahlobo e matla ea grating e nang le mofuta o joalo oa tokiso e pharalletseng e hlahisa phephetso e kholo ho mefuta-futa ea li-bandwidth tsa mohloli o moholo oa mabone. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lilemong tsa morao tjena, "bragg fiber grating" e tilted e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo lefapheng la ho lemoha fiber. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa eona tsa tahlehelo ea litlhoro tse ngata, sebaka sa kabo ea maqhubu a maqhubu hangata se ka fihla ho 40 nm. Mokhoa oa eona oa ho utloa hangata ke ho bapisa motsamao o lekanyelitsoeng har'a litlhoro tse ngata tsa phetisetso, ka hona hoa hlokahala ho lekanya sekhahla sa phetiso ka botlalo. Bophahamo ba motlakase le matla a mohloli o pharalletseng oa leseli li hlokahala hore li be holimo.
2. Boemo ba lipatlisiso lapeng le kantle ho naha
2.1 Mohloli oa khanya oa laser o moqotetsane
2.1.1 Narrow linewidth semiconductor e ajoang ka laser ea maikutlo
Ka 2006, Cliche et al. e fokotsa sekhahla sa MHz sa semiconductorDFB laser(laser ea maikutlo e ajoa) ho isa sekala sa kHz ho sebelisa mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea motlakase; Ka 2011, Kessler et al. e sebelisitsoeng mocheso o tlase le botsitso bo phahameng ba kristale e le 'ngoe e kopantsoeng le taolo e sebetsang ea maikutlo ho fumana tlhahiso ea laser ea 40 MHz ea ultra-narrow linewidth ea 40 MHz; Ka 2013, Peng et al o ile a fumana tlhahiso ea laser ea semiconductor ka bophara ba 15 kHz ka ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho fetola maikutlo a kantle a Fabry-Perot (FP). Mokhoa oa ho fana ka maikutlo a motlakase haholo-holo o sebelisitse Pond-Drever-Hall Pond-Drever-Hall Pond-Drever-Hall Pond-Drever-Hall Pond-Frequency Stabilization ho etsa hore laser linewidth ea mohloli oa leseli e fokotsehe. Ka 2010, Bernhardi et al. e hlahisitse 1 cm ea erbium-doped alumina FBG holim'a silicon oxide substrate ho fumana tlhahiso ea laser e nang le bophara ba mohala o ka bang 1.7 kHz. Selemong sona seo, Liang et al. o sebelisitse maikutlo a ho ikenta ka morao Rayleigh ho hasana ho entsoeng ke high-Q echo lebota resonator bakeng sa semiconductor laser line-width compression, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1, 'me qetellong a fumana tlhahiso ea laser e moqotetsane ea 160 Hz.
Setšoantšo sa 1 (a) Sets'oants'o sa semiconductor laser linewidth compression e thehiloeng ho self-injection Rayleigh ho hasana ha ka ntle ho whispering gallery mode resonator;
(b) Maqhubu a maqhubu a laser ea semiconductor ea mahala e nang le bophara ba 8 MHz;
(c) Maqhubu a maqhubu a laser a hatelletsoeng ka bophara ba mola ho 160 Hz
2.1.2 Laser ea fiber e tšesaane
Bakeng sa li-laser cavity fiber lasers, tlhahiso ea laser e moqotetsane ea mokhoa o le mong oa longitudinal e fumanoa ka ho khutsufatsa bolelele ba resonator le ho eketsa nako ea nako ea longitudinal. Ka 2004, Spiegelberg et al. e fumane mokhoa o le mong oa longitudinal o moqotetsane oa laser linewidth ka bophara ba 2 kHz ka ho sebelisa mokhoa o mokhuts'oane oa DBR. Ka 2007, Shen et al. o sebelisitse 2 cm haholo erbium-doped silicon fiber ho ngola FBG holim'a Bi-Ge co-doped photosensitive fiber, 'me a e kopanya le fiber e sebetsang ho etsa sekoti sa compact linear, ho etsa hore mola oa eona oa laser o be bophara bo ka tlaase ho 1 kHz. Ka 2010, Yang et al. e sebelisitse sekoti se sekhutšoane sa 2cm se kopantsoeng le filthara e nyane ea FBG ho fumana tlhahiso e le 'ngoe ea laser ea longitudinal mode e nang le bophara ba mohala o ka tlase ho 2 kHz. Ka 2014, sehlopha se ile sa sebelisa mohala o mokhutšoane oa linear (resonator e kentsoeng hantle) e kopantsoeng le filthara ea FBG-FP ho fumana tlhahiso ea laser e nang le bophara bo fokolang, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3. Ka 2012, Cai et al. e sebelisitse sebopeho se sekhutšoane sa 1.4cm ho fumana tlhahiso ea laser ea polarizing e nang le matla a tsoang ho feta 114 mW, bolelele bo bohareng ba 1540.3 nm, le bophara ba mohala oa 4.1 kHz. Ka 2013, Meng et al. e sebelisitse Brillouin ho hasanya fiber ea erbium-doped e nang le selikalikoe se sekhutšoanyane sa mochine o bolokang leeme ka ho feletseng ho fumana mokhoa o le mong oa longitudinal, tlhahiso ea laser ea lerata e tlaase e nang le matla a tlhahiso ea 10 mW. Ka 2015, sehlopha se ile sa sebelisa selikalikoe se entsoeng ka 45 cm erbium-doped fiber e le mokhoa oa ho hasanya oa Brillouin ho fumana moeli o tlase le tlhahiso ea laser e moqotetsane.
Setšoantšo sa 2 (a) Setšoantšo sa moralo oa laser fiber ea SLC;
(b) Lineshape ea pontšo ea heterodyne e lekantsoeng ka ho lieha ha fiber ea 97.6 km
Nako ea poso: Nov-20-2023