Nanolaser ke mofuta oa sesebelisoa sa micro le nano se entsoeng ka li-nanomaterials tse kang nanowire e le resonator mme se ka ntša laser tlas'a photoexcitation kapa excitation ea motlakase. Boholo ba laser ena hangata ke makholo a li-microns kapa esita le mashome a microns, 'me bophara bo fihla ho taelo ea nanometer, e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea pontšo ea filimi e tšesaane ea nakong e tlang, optics e kopantsoeng le masimo a mang.
Sehlopha sa nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Ka 2001, bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea California, Berkeley, United States, ba ile ba theha laser e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng - li-nanolasers - holim'a terata ea nanooptic feela karolo ea sekete ea bolelele ba moriri oa motho. Laser ena ha e hlahise li-laser tsa ultraviolet feela, empa e ka boela ea hlophisoa hore e ntše li-lasers ho tloha ho boputsoa ho isa ho mahlaseli a kotsi a tebileng. Bafuputsi ba sebelisitse mokhoa o tloaelehileng o bitsoang oriented epiphytation ho theha laser ho tsoa likristale tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide. Ba ile ba qala ka "cultured" nanowires, ke hore, e entsoeng holim'a lesela la khauta le bophara ba 20nm ho 150nm le bolelele ba lithapo tse 10,000 nm tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide. Joale, ha bafuputsi ba kenya likristale tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide ho nanowires ka laser e 'ngoe tlas'a sethopo, likristale tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide li ile tsa ntša laser e nang le leqhubu la 17nm feela. Li-nanolaser tse joalo li ne li ka qetella li sebelisoa ho khetholla lik'hemik'hale le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho boloka boitsebiso ba li-disk tsa k'homphieutha le lik'homphieutha tsa photonic.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Ka mor'a ho fihla ha li-micro-laser, li-micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, le quantum avalanche lasers, setsebi sa k'hemistri Yang Peidong le basebetsi-'moho le eena Univesithing ea California, Berkeley, ba ile ba etsa li-nanolasers tsa mocheso oa kamore. Zinc oxide nanolaser ena e ka ntša laser e nang le bophara ba mola o ka tlase ho 0.3nm le leqhubu la bolelele ba 385nm tlas'a khanya e khanyang, e nkoang e le laser e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa pele tse sebetsang tse entsoeng ka nanotechnology. Boemong ba pele ba nts'etsopele, bafuputsi ba ile ba bolela esale pele hore nanolaser ena ea ZnO e bonolo ho e etsa, khanya e phahameng, boholo bo nyane, 'me ts'ebetso e lekana kapa e betere ho feta GaN blue lasers. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ho etsa lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa nanowire, ZnO nanolasers li ka kenya lisebelisoa tse ngata tse ke keng tsa khoneha ka lisebelisoa tsa kajeno tsa GaAs. Bakeng sa ho holisa li-lasers tse joalo, ZnO nanowire e entsoe ka mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa khase o susumetsang kholo ea kristale ea epitaxial. Ntlha ea pele, substrate ea safire e koahetsoe ka lesela la 1 nm ~ 3.5nm filimi e teteaneng ea khauta, ebe e e beha holim'a sekepe sa alumina, thepa le substrate li futhumatsoa ho 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C ka phallo ea ammonia ho hlahisa. Zn steam, ebe mouoane oa Zn o isoa substrate. Li-nanowires tsa 2μm ~ 10μm tse nang le sebaka sa hexagonal cross-sectional li ile tsa hlahisoa ts'ebetsong ea kholo ea 2min ~ 10min. Bafuputsi ba fumane hore ZnO nanowire e etsa sekoti sa laser sa tlhaho se bophara ba 20nm ho isa ho 150nm, 'me boholo (95%) ba bophara ba eona ke 70nm ho 100nm. Ho ithuta ho tsoa ho nanowires, bafuputsi ba ile ba pompa sampole ka har'a sethopo ka tlhahiso ea bone ea harmonic ea Nd: YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse wide). Nakong ea tsoelo-pele ea mahlaseli a tsoang, leseli le holofala ka ho eketseha ha matla a pompo. Ha lasing e feta monyako oa ZnO nanowire (hoo e ka bang 40kW/cm), ntlha e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e tla hlaha ka har'a sekhahla sa tlhahiso. Bophara ba mela ea lintlha tsena tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa bo ka tlase ho 0.3nm, e leng ho feta 1/50 ka tlase ho bophara ba mola ho tloha vertex ea tlhahiso e ka tlase ho monyako. Li-linewidth tsena tse moqotetsane le keketseho e potlakileng ea matla a tlhahiso li ile tsa etsa hore bafuputsi ba fihlele qeto ea hore tlhahiso e hlasimollang e hlile e etsahala ho li-nanowires tsena. Ka hona, mofuta ona oa nanowire o ka sebetsa joalo ka resonator ea tlhaho mme ka hona ea fetoha mohloli o nepahetseng oa laser e nyane. Bafuputsi ba lumela hore nanolaser ena e khutšoanyane ea maqhubu e ka sebelisoa masimong a optical computing, polokelo ea boitsebiso le nanoanalyzer.
3. Li-lasers tsa quantum hantle
Pele le ka morao ho 2010, bophara ba mohala o behiloeng holim'a semiconductor chip bo tla fihla ho 100nm kapa ka tlase, 'me ho tla ba le lielektrone tse seng kae feela tse tsamaeang potolohong,' me ho eketseha le ho fokotseha ha elektronike ho tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo mosebetsing oa motlakase. potoloho. Ho rarolla bothata bona, ho ile ha hlaha li-lasers tsa quantum well. Ho quantum mechanics, sebaka se ka bang teng se thibelang ho sisinyeha ha lielektrone le ho li lekanya se bitsoa seliba sa quantum. Thibelo ena ea quantum e sebelisoa ho theha maemo a matla a quantum ka har'a sekhahla se sebetsang sa laser semiconductor, e le hore phetoho ea elektroniki lipakeng tsa maemo a matla e laole mahlaseli a hlasimollang a laser, e leng laser ea quantum well. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-laseser tsa quantum well: quantum line lasers le quantum dot lasers.
① Quantum line laser
Bo-rasaense ba thehile li-laser tsa quantum wire tse matla ho feta tse tloaelehileng ka makhetlo a 1,000, li nka mohato o moholo oa ho theha lik'homphieutha tse potlakileng le lisebelisoa tsa puisano. Laser, e ka eketsang lebelo la molumo, video, Inthanete le mefuta e meng ea puisano holim'a marang-rang a fiber-optic, e entsoe ke bo-rasaense ba Yale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS e New Jersey le Max Planck Institute for Physics e Dresden, Jeremane. Li-laser tsena tsa matla a holimo li ka fokotsa tlhokeho ea Li-Repeaters tse turang, tse kengoang lik'hilomithara tse ling le tse ling tse 80 (lik'hilomithara tse 50) haufi le mohala oa puisano, hape li hlahisa li-laser pulses tse seng matla haholo ha li tsamaea ka har'a fiber (Repeaters).
Nako ea poso: Jun-15-2023