Nanolaser ke mofuta oa sesebelisoa se senyenyane le sa nano se entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse kang nanowire e le resonator 'me se ka ntša laser tlas'a photoexcitation kapa electrical excitation. Boholo ba laser ena hangata ke makholo a li-micron kapa esita le mashome a li-micron, 'me bophara bo fihla ho nanometer, e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea pontšo ea filimi e tšesaane ea nakong e tlang, optics e kopantsoeng le masimo a mang.
Tlhophiso ea nanolaser:
1. Lesetara ea nanowire
Ka 2001, bafuputsi Univesithing ea California, Berkeley, United States, ba ile ba theha laser e nyane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng - li-nanolaser - terata ea nanooptic e le 'ngoe feela ea sekete sa bolelele ba moriri oa motho. Laser ena ha e ntše li-laser tsa ultraviolet feela, empa e ka boela ea lokisoa ho ntša li-laser tse tlohang ho boputsoa ho ea ho ultraviolet e tebileng. Bafuputsi ba sebelisitse mokhoa o tloaelehileng o bitsoang oriented epiphytation ho etsa laser ho tsoa likristale tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide. Ba ile ba qala ka ho "hlahisa" li-nanowires, ke hore, tse entsoeng holim'a lera la khauta le bophara ba 20nm ho isa ho 150nm le bolelele ba lithapo tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide tse 10,000 nm. Eaba, ha bafuputsi ba kenya tšebetsong likristale tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide ka har'a li-nanowires ka laser e 'ngoe tlas'a greenhouse, likristale tse hloekileng tsa zinc oxide li ntša laser e nang le bolelele ba bolelele ba 17nm feela. Li-nanolaser tse joalo qetellong li ka sebelisoa ho khetholla lik'hemik'hale le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba polokelo ea tlhahisoleseling ea li-disk tsa khomphutha le likhomphutha tsa photonic.
2. Nanolaser ea mahlaseli a kotsi
Kamora ho hlaha ha li-micro-laser, li-micro-disk laser, li-micro-ring laser, le li-quantum avalanche lasers, setsebi sa k'hemistri Yang Peidong le basebetsi-'moho le eena Univesithing ea California, Berkeley, ba entse li-nanolaser tsa mocheso oa kamore. Nanolaser ena ea zinc oxide e ka ntša laser e nang le mola o bophara ba ka tlase ho 0.3nm le bolelele ba maqhubu ba 385nm tlas'a khanya e hlasimollang, e nkoang e le laser e nyane ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa pele tse sebetsang tse entsoeng ka nanotechnology. Mokhahlelong oa pele oa nts'etsopele, bafuputsi ba ile ba bolela esale pele hore nanolaser ena ea ZnO e bonolo ho e etsa, khanya e phahameng, boholo bo bonyenyane, 'me ts'ebetso e lekana kapa e betere ho feta li-laser tse putsoa tsa GaN. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ho etsa li-nanowire tse nang le sekhahla se phahameng, li-nanolaser tsa ZnO li ka kena lits'ebetsong tse ngata tse sa khoneheng ka lisebelisoa tsa kajeno tsa GaAs. E le ho holisa li-laser tse joalo, nanowire ea ZnO e hlahisoa ka mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa khase o susumetsang kholo ea kristale ea epitaxial. Taba ea pele, substrate ea safire e koahetsoe ka lera la filimi ea khauta e teteaneng ea 1 nm ~ 3.5nm, ebe e e beha sekepeng sa alumina, thepa le substrate li futhumatsoa ho 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C phallong ea ammonia ho hlahisa mouoane oa Zn, ebe mouoane oa Zn o isoa substrate. Lithapo tse nyenyane tsa 2μm ~ 10μm tse nang le sebaka se tšekaletseng sa hexagonal li hlahisitsoe ts'ebetsong ea kholo ea metsotso e 2 ~ 10min. Bafuputsi ba fumane hore nanowire ea ZnO e etsa cavity ea tlhaho ea laser e nang le bophara ba 20nm ho isa ho 150nm, 'me boholo ba (95%) ba bophara ba eona ke 70nm ho isa ho 100nm. Ho ithuta ho ntšoa ha nanowires ka mokhoa o hlasimollang, bafuputsi ba ile ba pompa sampole ka optically ka har'a greenhouse ka tlhahiso ea bone ea harmonic ea laser ea Nd:YAG (bolelele ba bolelele ba 266nm, bophara ba pulse ba 3ns). Nakong ea phetoho ea spectrum ea ho ntšoa ha mosi, leseli le khangoa ke keketseho ea matla a pompo. Ha tekanyo e fetang moeli oa ZnO nanowire (hoo e ka bang 40kW/cm), ntlha e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e tla hlaha ho spectrum ea ho ntša mosi. Bophara ba mola oa lintlha tsena tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa bo ka tlase ho 0.3nm, e leng ka tlase ho 1/50 ho feta bophara ba mola ho tloha ho vertex ea ho ntša mosi ka tlase ho moeli. Bophara bona bo moqotetsane ba mela le keketseho e potlakileng ea matla a ho ntša mosi li entse hore bafuputsi ba fihlele qeto ea hore ho ntša mosi ho hlasimolohileng ho etsahala ka sebele ho li-nanowire tsena. Ka hona, sehlopha sena sa nanowire se ka sebetsa e le resonator ea tlhaho 'me kahoo ea e-ba mohloli o motle oa micro laser. Bafuputsi ba lumela hore nanolaser ena ea bolelele bo bokhutšoanyane e ka sebelisoa masimong a k'homphieutha ea optical, polokelo ea tlhahisoleseling le nanoanalyzer.
3. Li-laser tsa seliba sa quantum
Pele le ka mora 2010, bophara ba mola o ngotsweng hodima chip ya semiconductor bo tla fihla ho 100nm kapa ka tlase ho moo, mme ho tla ba le dielektrone tse mmalwa feela tse tsamayang potolohong, mme keketseho le phokotseho ya elektrone e tla ba le tshusumetso e kgolo tshebetsong ya potoloho. Ho rarolla bothata bona, di-laser tsa quantum well di hlahile. Ka hara quantum mechanics, tshimo e ka bang teng e thibelang motsamao wa dielektrone le ho di lekanya e bitswa quantum well. Thibelo ena ya quantum e sebedisetswa ho theha maemo a matla a quantum lera le sebetsang la laser ya semiconductor, e le hore phetoho ya elektroniki pakeng tsa maemo a matla e laole mahlaseli a kgahlehang a laser, e leng laser ya quantum well. Ho na le mefuta e mmedi ya di-laser tsa quantum well: di-laser tsa quantum line le di-laser tsa quantum dot.
① Laser ea mohala oa Quantum
Bo-rasaense ba hlahisitse li-laser tsa terata ea quantum tse matla ka makhetlo a 1,000 ho feta li-laser tsa setso, ba nka bohato bo boholo ba ho theha lik'homphieutha tse potlakileng le lisebelisoa tsa puisano. Lesea, e ka eketsang lebelo la molumo, video, Inthanete le mefuta e meng ea puisano ka marang-rang a fiber-optic, e ntlafalitsoe ke bo-rasaense ba Univesithi ea Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS New Jersey le Max Planck Institute for Physics e Dresden, Jeremane. Li-laser tsena tse matla a holimo li tla fokotsa tlhoko ea Li-Repeater tse turang, tse kenngoang lik'hilomithara tse ling le tse ling tse 80 (lik'hilomithara tse 50) moleng oa puisano, hape li hlahisa li-pulse tsa laser tse seng matla haholo ha li ntse li tsamaea ka har'a fiber (Li-Repeaters).
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-15-2023